Proactive Adaptive Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Management in Overcrowded University Lecture Theatres in South East, Nigeria: A Review

Abdel-Salam, M. M. M. (2022). Indoor exposure of elderly to air pollutants in residential buildings in Alexandria, Egypt. Building and Environment, 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109221 Abdullah, S., Fuad, M. F. A., Dom, N. C., Ahmed, A. N., Yusof, K. M. K. K., Zulkifli, M. F. R., ... & Ismail, M. (2021). Effects of Environmental Noise Pollution Towards School Children. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 17(3). Berglund, B., Lindvall, T., Schwela, D. H., & World Health Organization. Occupational and Environmental Health Team. (1999). Guidelines for Community Noise. Author. Retrieved from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/66217 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers . (2022). ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2022: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE. Amoatey, P., Al-Harthy, I., Amankona, D., Douban, S., Izady, A., Chen, M., ... & Al-Alawi, M. (2023). Contribution of outdoor noise-induced health risk in schools located in urbanized arid country. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(16), 48107 48119. Asaju, O., Alagbe, O., Adetona, O. (2023). Investigation of Indoor Environmental Quality of Lecture Rooms on Students’ Comfort in Selected Polytechnics, Lagos, Nigeria. In: Aigbavboa, C., Thwala, W., Aghimien, D. Towards a Sustainable Construction Industry: The Role of Innovation and Digitalization. CIDB 2022. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22434-8_6 Azuma, K., Kagi, N., Yanagi, U., & Osawa, H. (2018). Effects of low-level inhalation exposure to carbon dioxide in indoor environments: A short review on human health and psychomotor performance. Environment International, 121, 51–56. Baird, G. (2010). Sustainable buildings in practice: What the users think. Routledge. Barrett, P., Davies, F., Zhang, Y., & Barrett, L. (2015). The impact of classroom design on pupils' learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis. Building and environment, 89, 118-133. Baruti, M. M., Johansson, E., & Yahia, M. W. (2020). Urbanites’ outdoor thermal comfort in the informal urban fabric of warm-humid Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Sustainable Cities and Society, 62, 102380. Baruti, M. M., Yahia, M. W., & Johansson, E. (2024). Spatial and temporal variations of microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in informal settlements of warm humid Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Heliyon, 10(1). BLUYSSEN, P. M., (2009). Towards an integrative approach of improving indoor air quality. Building and Environment, 44 (9), pp 1980-1989. Booysen, M. J., Samuels, J. A., & Grobbelaar, S. S. (2021). LED there be light: The impact of replacing lights at schools in South Africa. Energy and Buildings, 235, 110736. Cabovská, B., Bekö, G., Teli, D., Ekberg, L., Dalenbäck, J. O., Wargocki, P., Psomas, T., & Langer, S. (2022). Ventilation strategies and indoor air quality in Swedish primary school classrooms. Building and Environment, 226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109744 Catalina, T., & Iordache, V. (2012). IEQ assessment on schools in the design stage. Building and Environment, 49(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.014 IJGEM IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. (2011). Lighting guide 5: Lighting for education. https://www.cibse.org/knowledge-research/knowledge-portal/lighting-guide 05-lighting-for- education-2011. De Giuli, V., Da Pos, o. & De Carli, M., (2012). Indoor environmental quality and pupil perception in Italian primary schools. Building and Environment. Determan, J., Akers, M. A., Albright, T., Browning, B., Martin-Dunlop, C., Archibald, P., & Caruolo, V. (2019). The impact of biophilic learning spaces on student success. American Institute of Architecture, Building Research Knowledgebase. Ghita, S. A., & Catalina, T. (2015). Energy efficiency versus indoor environmental quality in different Romanian countryside schools. Energy and Buildings, 92, 140–154. Eyre, M., Hashemi, A., Cruickshank, H., & Jordan, M. (2017). Transition in housing design and thermal comfort in rural Tanzania. In 5th International Conference on Zero Energy Mass Customised Housing-ZEMCH 2016 (pp. 79-98). ZEMCH Network. Hamanaka, R. B., & Mutlu, G. M. (2018). Particulate matter air pollution: effects on the cardiovascular system. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, 680. Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., & Shaughnessy, R. J. (2015). Effects of classroom ventilation rate and temperature on students’ test scores. PloS one, 10(8), e0136165. Hoskins, J. A. (2011). Health Effects Due to Indoor Air Pollution. In H. Gökçekus, U. Türker, & J. W. LaMoreaux (Eds.), Survival and Sustainability: Environmental concerns in the 21st Century (pp. 665 676). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540- 95991-5_61 Huang, Y.-F., Lan, C.-H., Lin, T.-S., Yang, L., Chen, J.-Y., & Peng, C.-Y. (2025). Evaluating the impact of air purifier intervention on particulate matter concentrations in a traditional Chinese medicine therapy room using multiple approaches. Scientific Reports, 15, 42239. Huang, Y., Yang, Z., & Gao, Z. (2019). Contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to ozone in residential buildings in nanjing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2587 Konstantoglou, M., & Tsangrassoulis, A. (2016). Dynamic operation of daylighting and shading systems: A literature review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 268-283. Korsavi, S. S., Montazami, A., & Mumovic, D. (2020). Indoor air quality in naturally- ventilated primary schools in the UK: Occupant-related factors. Building and Environment, 180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106992 Kubba, S., 2010. Indoor environmental quality. LEED Practices, Certification, and Accreditation Handbook. Liu, G., Xiao, M., Zhang, X., Gal, C., Chen, X., Liu, L., Pan, S., Wu, J., Tang, L., & Clements- Croome, D. (2017). A review of air filtration technologies for sustainable and healthy building ventilation. In Sustainable Cities and Society (Vol. 32, pp. 375–396). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.04.011 Maynard, R. L. (2019). Health effects of indoor air pollution. Indoor Air Pollution, 48, 196. Montazami, A., Gaterell, M., & Nicol, F. (2015). A comprehensive review of environmental design in UK schools: History, conflicts and solutions. In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Vol. 46, pp. 249–264). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.012 Moreno, M., Calvache, C., & Cantor-Cutiva, L. C. (2025). Systematic review of literature on prevalence of vocal fatigue among teachers. Journal of voice, 39(1), 105-112. IJGEM IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management Moustakas, T., Fanaridou, K., Karatzinis, G. D., Vougiatzis, G., Bouzos, O., Mateus, N. M., Michailidis, I. T., & Kosmatopoulos, E. B. (2025). CO2-based recommendation system for predictive ventilation schemes in different real-life building applications using deep learning. Energy Reports, 13, 3537– 3560. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency. (2014). National Environmental (Air Quality Control) Regulations. https://nesrea.gov.ng/wp content/uploads/2025/05/air_quality_control.pdf. NAZAROFF, W. W.; WESCHLER, C. J. & CORSI, R. L., (2003). Indoor air chemistry and physics. Atmospheric Environment, 37 (39-40), pp 5451. Nusseck, M., Immerz, A., Richter, B., & Traser, L. (2022). Vocal behavior of teachers reading with raised voice in a noisy environment. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(15), 8929. Ode, O. M., Okolie, K. C., Ezeokoli, F. O., & Obodoh, D. A. (2023). An examination of sources of indoor air contaminants in the students’ hostel rooms in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Anambra State. Tropical Built Environment Journal, 9(2), 152–163. Owolabi, B. O., Afolami, A. J., & Adedeji, Y. M. D. (2024). Perception of users on indoor air quality of lecture theatres located in the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Ibadan Planning Journal. Quartey, L. N., Amos-Abanyie, S., & Afram, S. O. (2021). Noise exposure levels in basic school environments in a city in Ghana. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(01), 81. Rivas, I., Fussell, J. C., Kelly, F. J., & Querol, X. (2019). Indoor sources of air pollutants. Indoor Air Pollution, 48, 1. Romaios, A., Tsangrassoulis, A., Mersini, K., & Kontedes, N. (2025). Artificial intelligence for enhancing indoor air quality in educational environments: A review and future perspectives. Sustainability, 17(22), 10117. Salonen, H., Salthammer, T., & Morawska, L. (2019). Human exposure to NO2 in school and office indoor environments. Environment International, 130, 104887. Salonen, H., Salthammer, T., & Morawska, L. (2018). Human exposure to ozone in school and office indoor environments. Environment International, 119, 503–514. Savelieva, K., Elovainio, M., Lampi, J., Ung-Lanki, S., & Pekkanen, J. (2020). Psychosocial factors and indoor environmental quality in respiratory symptom reports of pupils: a cross- sectional study in Finnish schools. BMJ open, 10(9), e036873. Shield, B. M., & Dockrell, J. E. (2003). The effects of noise on children at school: A review. Building acoustics, 10(2), 97-116. Singh, M. K., Ooka, R., Rijal, H. B., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., & Mahapatra, S. (2019). Progress in thermal comfort studies in classrooms over last 50 years and way forward. In Energy and Buildings (Vols. 188–189, pp.149–174). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.01.051 Toyinbo, O. (2023). Indoor environmental quality, pupils’ health, and academic performance—a literature review. Buildings, 13(9), 2172. Toyinbo, O., Phipatanakul, W., Shaughnessy, R., & Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U. (2019). Building and indoor environmental quality assessment of Nigerian primary schools: A pilot study. Indoor Air, 29(3), 510–520. IJGEM IJGEM IIARD International Journal of Geography & Environmental Management Tran VV, Park D, Lee YC. Indoor air pollution, related human diseases, and recent trends in the control and improvement of indoor air quality. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020 Apr;17(8):2927. mdpi.com Turanjanin, V., Vučićević, B., Jovanović, M., Mirkov, N., & Lazović, I. (2014). Indoor CO2 measurements in Serbian schools and ventilation rate calculation. Energy, 77, 290–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.028 WATERS, J. R. and SIMONS, M. W., (2002). Modelling ventilation by means of combined mixing and displacement flow. CIBSE: Building Services Engineer, Research and Technology, 23 (1), pp 19 - 29. Wargocki, P., Porras-Salazar, J. A., & Contreras-Espinoza, S. (2019). The relationship between classroom temperature and children’s performance in school. Building and Environment, 157, 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.04.046 Weichenthal, S., Dufresne, A., & Infante-Rivard, C. (2007). Indoor nitrogen dioxide and VOC exposures: Summary of evidence for an association with childhood asthma and a case for the inclusion of indoor ultrafine particle measures in future studies. Indoor and Built Environment, 16(5), 387–399. World Health Organization. (2010). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO global air quality guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution- and-health Zhang, X., Wargocki, P., Lian, Z., & Thyregod, C. (2017). Effects of exposure to carbon dioxide and Bio-effluents on perceived air quality, self‐assessed acute health symptoms, and cognitive performance. Indoor Air, 27(1), 47–64.