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Investigation of Indigenous Knowledge and Local Adaptation Strategies for the Management of Flooding in the Central Niger Delta of Nigeria

Chumu, M. U., Abam, T. K. S., Ayotamuno, A, Ogboeli, G. P

Abstract

Seasonal flooding in Nigeria’s Central Niger Delta represents a severe socio-ecological hazard that conventional disaster templates fail to mitigate. This study investigates indigenous knowledge and local adaptation strategies for the management of flooding across Rivers and Bayelsa States. Methodologically, the research links a primary field database derived from 630 household questionnaires and 45 key informant interviews across 18 high-risk community clusters with a 30- meter resolution ArcGIS Multi-Criteria Evaluation baseline reclassifying continuous landscape hazard variables. Descriptive metrics reveal that local flood tracking operates as an experiential, context-dependent monitoring network relying heavily on celestial halos (M = 3.78) and river turbidity shifts (M = 3.70). Autonomous adaptation strategies exhibit a stark geomorphic split: low-lying, homogeneous clay basins force a reliance on stationary structural mechanisms (concrete stilt housing and raised platforms), whereas variable terraces allow for mobile coping responses (spatial migration and flexible farm calendars). However, the systemic utility of these mechanisms is constrained by an absolute household poverty bottleneck (54.0%). An inferential Independent Samples Welch’s t-test decisively rejected the geomorphic null hypothesis for topographic elevation (t = 38.552, p < 0.001) and soil composition (t = -12.530, p < 0.001), confirming that Rivers State exhibits high landscape heterogeneity (s2DEM = 133.003) driving localized flash floods, while Bayelsa State presents extreme landscape homogeneity (s2Soil = 0.264) inducing prolonged pool stagnation. This paper provides an empirical roadmap for emergency agencies (NEMA/SEMA) to transition from reactive relief delivery toward decentralized, landscape-targeted flood risk governance that incorporate hybrid early warning networks and structural material subsidies.

Keywords

Indigenous Knowledge Systems; Floods; Multi-Criteria Evaluation; Autonomous adaptations; Central Niger Delta.

References

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