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Mix Design and Volumetric Performance of Laterite-Based Bituminous Concrete Modified with Waste Polythene and Quarry Dust: A Comparative Study with Granite Aggregate

Inyang, J. R.1, Igwe, E. A.1, and Oba, A. L.1

Abstract

The scarcity and rising cost of granite have intensified the search for locally available alternative coarse aggregates for hot-mix asphalt production in developing regions. This study evaluated the mix-design and volumetric performance of bituminous concrete produced with laterite rock as a partial replacement for granite, modified with a dual blend of waste polythene (PE) and quarry dust (QD) at proportions of 0-10% each. Marshall specimens were prepared for the heavy-traffic category (75 compaction blows) in accordance with ASTM D1559/D6927, and stability, flow, bulk density, air-void content and voids in mineral aggregate were determined for unmodified gravel, unmodified laterite, and PE-QD modified laterite mixes. Results showed that Marshall stability of the laterite mix rose from 21,980 N to a peak of 29,655 N at 2% PE-2% QD, a value that exceeded the granite control (24,690 N) by about 20%. Flow decreased from 8.66 mm to an optimum of 8.14 mm, air voids reduced from 5.82% to 4.02%, bulk density increased from 2,285 kg/m3 to 2,345 kg/m3, and VMA dropped from 19.46% to 14.65%, all of which fell within the Asphalt Institute (1997) allowable limits for heavy traffic. Beyond the 2% PE- 2% QD optimum, all volumetric indices deteriorated progressively, confirming an inverse relationship between excess modifier content and packing efficiency. Benchmarking against independently published Scopus-indexed studies on plastic- and dust-modified asphalt mixtures corroborated the 2% optimum polythene dosage reported in comparable investigations. The study demonstrates that a hybrid PE-QD treatment can convert a substandard laterite aggregate into a mix design that is volumetrically superior to conventional granite-based bituminous concrete, offering a cost-effective and waste-valorising pathway for flexible pavement construction.

Keywords

laterite aggregate; waste polythene; quarry dust; Marshall stability; bituminous concrete; volumetric properties; sustainable pavement

References

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