Submit your papersSubmit Now
For Enquiries: [email protected]
IIARD LogoIIARD

Public Policy Implementation and Healthcare Service Delivery Outcomes in Mubi-North Local Government Area of Adamawa State

Abdulkarim Haruna, Abdulrashid Adamu PhD

Abstract

This study examined the public policy implementation and healthcare service delivery outcomes in Mubi-North Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The study's objective is to examine the effectiveness of the healthcare policies implemented on healthcare delivery outcomes in Mubi North Local Government Area. The study adopts Top-Down and Bottom-Up Implementation Theories. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The data was purposively obtained through administered questionnaires to the sample healthcare Centre/Clinics in Mubi-North whereas, simple random sampling was used to select respondents obtained from the sample size. The sample size of 399 was obtained from Yamane’s fomular and administered to the respondents, 315 responses were retrieved and used for analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of hypothesis (H01) revealed that healthcare policies implementation has a positive but non-significant effect (α=0.014, p= 0.381). The hypothesis (H02) shows the effectiveness of healthcare policies significantly and positively impacts service outcomes (α= 0.094, p = 0.000). Hypothesis (H03) challenges of healthcare policies negatively affect outcomes (α= -0.020, p = 0.017). The Hypothesis (H04) shows policy measures significantly improve service outcomes (α = 0.066, p = 0.000). The correlation analysis observed among the variables that healthcare policies implementation is highly correlated with effectiveness of healthcare policies (r = 0.982) and challenges of healthcare policies strongly correlated with policy measures (r = 0.965). The findings indicate that effective public policy implementation significantly improves healthcare service delivery outcomes. The study concludes that effective public policy implementation has a significant positive influence on healthcare service delivery in Mubi North Local Government Area. The study recommended that government should strengthen the implementation of existing healthcare policies, to ensure that policies are effectively translated into practical healthcare services.

Keywords

Public PolicyPublic Health PolicyImplementationHealthcare PolicyService Delivery and Outcomes

References

Abimbola, S., Negin, J., Jan, S., & Martiniuk, A. L. (2023). Governance and implementation challenges in strengthening primary health care systems in Nigeria. BMJ Global Health, 8(Suppl. 1). Adebayo, O. T. (2022). Gender inclusion and participation in healthcare research in Nigeria. African Journal of Health Studies, 12(1), 78–90. Adebayo, T., & Yusuf, M. (2021). Healthcare policy implementation challenges in rural Nigeria. African Journal of Public Administration, 10(2), 45–60. Adepoju, A. (2020). The impact of healthcare policies on service delivery in Nigeria. African Journal of Public Health, 12(3), 45-60. Akdoğan, A. (2015). Kamu politikası: Süreç, aktörler ve analiz [Public policy: Process, actors and analysis]. Gazi Kitabevi. Aregbeshola, B. S., & Khan, S. M. (2023). Primary health care financing in Nigeria: Challenges and opportunities for universal health coverage. Health Services Insights, 16, 1–11. Bekir, S., & Kadir, M. (2022). Sağlık politikalarının kamu yönetimi perspektifinden değerlendirilmesi ve sağlık hizmet sunumu çıktıları [Evaluation of health policies from a public administration perspective and healthcare service delivery outcomes]. Sağlık Akademisi Dergisi, 9(3), 412–425. Birkland, T. A. (2019). An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making (4th ed.). Routledge. Cairney, P. (2020). Understanding Public Policy: Theories and Issues (2nd ed.). Red Globe Press. de-Wee, G. (2025). Public administration, governance, and policy integration: Towards a scholarship agenda of a neglected area. Journal of Policy Studies, 40(4), 79–96. Egwudo, A. E., Jegede, A. O., Oyeniyi, T. A., Ezekwelu, N. J., Abdu-Aguye, S. N., Okwuraiwe, A. P., et al. (2025). Integrating digital health technologies into the healthcare system: Challenges and opportunities in Nigeria. PLOS Digital Health, 4(7), e0000928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000928 Etiaba, E., Agwu, P., Conteh, L., & Onwujekwe, O. (2025). Multisectoral contributions to health security in Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1505383. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1505383 Eze, A. C., & Uba, T. A. (2021). Judicial intervention in public health law in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges. Journal of Constitutional and Administrative Law, 8(2), 98–113. Federal Ministry of Health . (2021). National health policy and healthcare service delivery in Nigeria. Abuja: Government Press. Ibrahim, U., & Musa, M. (2024). Effect of Inadequate Human Resources on Healthcare Performance in Nigeria. , 9(2), 64–74. Kraft, M., & Furlong, S. R. (2018). Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives. Sage Publications. Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. Russell Sage Foundation. Mazmanian, D., & Sabatier, P. (1983). Implementation and Public Policy. Scott Foresman & Co. Mbah Enjei, L., & Chi Valery, C. (2025). The Impact of Public Policy to the Development Plan of Cameroon. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13, 334-355. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2025.134020 jpaswr = Mohammed, S., Abubakar, A., & Bello, I. (2021). Impact of Performance-Based Financing on Maternal and Child Health Services in Adamawa State. Health Economics, 30(6), 785– 797. National Primary Health Care Development Agency . (2022). Primary healthcare service delivery challenges in Nigeria. Abuja: NPHCDA. Nwokedi, V. U., Olaniyi, A. O., Chikezie, C. N., Akanbi, O. O., Ani, C. P., Oyebamiji, H. O., & Foster-Pagaebi, E. (2025). Evaluating the impact of public health policies on health outcomes in Nigeria healthcare system. Journal of Medical Science Biology and Chemistry, 2(1), 170–180. Ogunleye, O. O. (2025). Diagnosing strategic implementation gaps for digital mental health in Lagos, Nigeria. International Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf129 Oladipo, M. T. (2022). The role of health insurance schemes in expanding access to care in Nigeria’s local government areas. International Journal of Health Systems, 13(4), 122– 136. Onyeka, T. C., Olakunde, B., Toyo, O., Itanyi, I. U., Eyo, A., Patel, D., & Ezeanolue, E. E. (2025). Closing the gap between implementation science and policy in Nigeria: Lessons from the Nigeria implementation science alliance. Frontiers in Health Services, 5, 1629317. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1629317 Pressman, J., & Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation: How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland. University of California Press. Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ezeoke, U. E., & Ezumah, N. (2022). Strengthening primary health care implementation in Nigeria: Policy, governance and service delivery challenges. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37(5), 2570–2585. Voice of Nigeria. (2024). FG, Adamawa State Partner to Upgrade Health Services. Retrieved from https://von.gov.ng/fg-adamawa-state-partner-to-upgrade-health-services World Bank. (2022). Health financing and policy effectiveness in Nigeria. Washington, DC: World Bank. World Health Organization (2023). Nigeria Country Cooperation Strategy 2023–2027. WHO. World Health Organization . (2022). Strengthening state-level healthcare systems in Nigeria. Retrieved from www.who.int. Yakubu, H., & Lawal, M. A. (2023). Decentralizing healthcare in Nigeria: The role of state executives in implementing national health policies. Journal of African Governance and Development Studies, 5(1), 78–95.

More Articles from JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL WELFARE RESEARCH