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Evaluation of Risk Assessment of Scattered Radiation in Selected Radiological Centers in Delta State, Nigeria

I.H. Hafsat, G.O. Avwiri and, E.O. Agbalagba, V.B Olaseni

Abstract

This study evaluated ambient scattered radiation levels and health risks at five diagnostic radiology facilities in Delta State, Nigeria. Dose rates were measured using a well calibrated Radiation Alert Monitor 200 (ICC=0.9997) in five functional zones per facility with five replicates per location. The dose rates in the X-ray room ranged from from 19.40 to 21.80 μSv/h and the annual effective dose equivalents were from 5.10 to 5.73 mSv/yr. X-ray rooms and console areas all exceeded the ICRP public limit of 1.0 mSv/yr, with Facility A having the highest console dose (4.76 mSv/yr) and 99.96% probability of exceeding occupational limits. In all 25 sampled sites, the excess lifetime cancer risk was higher than the global average of UNSCEAR (0.29 × 10-3), from 27 to 57 times higher in console areas. The mean dose rate was lower in private facilities than in public hospitals, with the lowest mean dose rate recorded in Facility C (4.74 μSv/h). The required lead equivalent shielding upgrades range from 0.159 to 0.349 mm. The results demonstrate systematic violations of public exposure limits in different functional zones, particularly in public facilities, due to inadequate structural shielding. There is an urgent requirement to upgrade shielding, perform regular ambient monitoring and enforce mandatory personal dosimetry to address these preventable health risks.

References

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