Topographical Influence on Groundwater Recharge: A Combined Slope and Hydrogeophysical Study in Umuahia South, Nigeria
Abstract
Groundwater resources are crucial for sustaining domestic and agricultural activities in Umuahia South, Abia State, Southeastern Nigeria. The region's topography and subsurface characteristics significantly influence groundwater recharge and distribution. This study analyzes the slope variations and hydrogeophysical properties to assess groundwater potential and management strategies. The study aims to evaluate the impact of topographical and subsurface parameters on groundwater potential, focusing on slope analysis and hydrogeophysical characteristics in Umuahia South. The study employs a combination of slope analysis and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) to assess the area's groundwater potential. Slope analysis categorizes the terrain into five slope classes, while VES surveys examine apparent resistivity, aquifer depth, thickness, and associated hydrogeological parameters. The slope analysis reveals that the majority of the area has gentle slopes (1.87–3.49°), favorable for groundwater recharge. VES results indicate significant spatial variability in aquifer characteristics, with apparent resistivity ranging from 0.06 ?m to 10.70 ?m, depths from 17.61 m to 73.60 m, and aquifer thickness varying between 14.75 m and 45.00 m. High transmissivity at certain VES points suggests substantial groundwater potential, while lower values indicate areas with limited resources. The study highlights the correlation between slope and groundwater dynamics, where gentle slopes promote infiltration, enhancing recharge. The hydrogeophysical analysis underscores the heterogeneity of the subsurface, with varying aquifer characteristics influencing groundwater availability. The findings emphasize the need for targeted groundwater management strategies, particularly in areas with steep slopes and higher resistivity. Umuahia South exhibits favorable conditions for groundwater recharge, particularly in areas with low to moderate slopes. However,
Keywords
Aquifer characteristics
Groundwater recharge
Hydrogeophysical survey
Transmissivity
References
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