References
Anonymous, F. (2012). National malaria control programme, Federal Ministry of Health Abuja,
Nigeria.
Ansari, M.A., Raish, M., Ahmad, A., Alkharfy, K.M., Ahmad, S.F., Attia, S.M. Yadav, N and
Khandelwal, S. (2017). Sinapic acid ameliorate cadmium- induced nephrotoxicity. In vivo
possible involvement of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation via NF-Kappa B
down-regulation. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 51, 100-107.
Chitra, G.A., Kaur, P., Bhatmager, T., Manickam, P. and Murhekar, M.W. (2013). High prevalence
of household pesticides and their unsafe use in rural South India. International Journal of
Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 26 (2), 1-8.
Dubey, J., Banerjee, A., Meena, R.K., Kumar, K.M. and Lakhani, A. (2014). Characterization of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in emissions of different mosquito coils. Bull
Environmental Contamination Toxicity. 92 (6), 650-654.
Egoro, E.T., Ilegbedion, I.G. and Hope, C. (2023). Status of some biochemical markers among
nasal tobacco snuffing addicts in Yenagoa Bayelsa State Nigeria. International Journal of
Medical Evaluation and Physical Report. 7 (4), 135-143.
Emmanuel, T.I., Oyenmwen, J.A., Yomi, O.E., Bamidele, A. and Olubunmi, A.O. (2013).
Toxicological effects of prolonged and intense use of mosquito coil emission in rats and
its implications on malaria control. .International Journal of Tropical Biology. 61 (3), 1463-
Hafiza, S.F. (2018). Role of cadmium and lead in nephrotoxicity. Edelweiss Applied Science and
Technology. 2 (1), 74-78.
Hogarh, J. N., Antwi, A., Philip, and Obiri-Danso, K. (2016). Application of mosquito repellent
coils and associated self- reported health issues in Ghana. Malaria Journal. 15 (6), 1-7.
John, K., Bryan, H. and David, K. (2016). Analysis of pesticides and toxic heavy metals contained
in mosquito coils. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 96 (4), 614-
Khadijah, A. A., Gamide, S.M., Hauwa, K., Perede, A., Musa, A.A., Aisha, A., Dansy, A.G. and
Amina, G. (2020). Some nephrotoxic effects of commonly used mosquito repellents in
Sokoto State, Nigeria. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences. 3 (6), 212-217.
MamunaNazsalleh, I.A. (2019). Comparative study of subchronic toxicities of mosquito repellents
(coils, mats and liquids) on vital organs in Swiss albino mice. Saudi Pharmaceutical
Journal. 27 (3), 348-353.
Monisha, J., Tenzin, T., Naresh, A., Blessy, B M. and Krishnamurthy, N.B. (2014). Toxicity,
mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 7 (2),
60-72.
Mutiara, I.S and Dwi, R.A. (2018). Histopathological liver tissues of alloxan-induced wistar rats
that were given Lawsonia Inermis leaves ethanolic extract. Asian Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 11 (8), 162-165.
Nafiu, M.O., Alli, L.A. and Aniah, J.A. (2016). Evaluation of calabash chalk effects on selected
enzymes and histology of rat liver and kidney. Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied
Sciences. 5 (1), 1-11.
Nwachukwu, E.O., Okonkwo, B.N., Bartimaeus, E.S. and Brisibie, N. (2015). A comparative
evaluation of acute toxicities of gasoline and kerosene in rats using haematological
parameters. International Journal of Geology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences. 3
(5), 1-5.
Offor, C.E. (2014). Effect of smoke from mosquito coil on serum aspartate transaminase, alanine
transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in male albino rats. International Journal
of Current Research and Academic Review. 2 (12), 97-100.
Ogona, S.B., Moore, S.J. and Maia, M.F. (2012). A systematic review of mosquito coils and
passive emanators defining recommendations for spatial repellency testing methodologies.
Parasite Vectors. 5, 1-10.
Ozougwu, J.C. and Eyo, J.E. (2014). Hepatoprotective effects of Allium cepa extracts on
paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. African Journal of Biotechnology. 13 (26), 2679-
Ralph, E.H. (2008). Mosquito taxonomic inventory, Wikipedia. Q108501979, Harbach, Ralph
family Culicidae meigen, 1818.
Rukmini, K., Gilles, C., Yoram, V. and Carson, C.C. (2004).The dynamics of acute inflammation.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 230 (2), 145-155.
Sani, A.A. and Ibrahim, A.A. (2016). Determination of toxic effects of commercial and local
mosquito repellents in Oryctolagus cuniculus (New Zealand white). Sokoto Journal of
Veterinary Science. 14 (3), 54-57.
Shi, L., Zanobetti, A., Kloog, L., Coull, B.A., Koutrakis, P. and Melly, S.J. (2016). Concentration
PM2.5 and mortality: estimating acute and chronic effects in a population-based study.
Environmental Health Perspective. 124 (1), 46-52.
Tijani, K.H., Oyende, B.O., Awosanya, G.O., Ojewola, R.W. and Ysuf, A.O. (2014). Assessment
of testicular volume: a comparison of fertile and sub-fertile West African men. African
Journal of Urology. 20 (3), 136-140.
Wan, N.F. and Wan, M.Z. (2017). Sample size calculation in animal studies using resource
equation method. Malaysian Journal of Medical Science. 24 (5), 101-105.
Watson, D.S. (2010). Perioperative safety. Amsterdan, Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences,
ISBN 978-0-323-06985-4.
World Health Organization (1998). World Health Organization pesticides evaluation scheme,
Division of control of tropical diseases, Guidelines specifications for household insecticide
products. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
World Health Organization (2017).www.who.int/malaria/publication/world.malaria report
2017/report/en/. Accessed 20 August, 2024.
Yang, C.Y., Chiu, J.F., Cheng, M.F. and Lin, M.C. (1997). Effects of indoors environmental
factors on respiratory health of children in a subtropical climate. Environmental Resource.
75 (1), 49-55.
Yang, T.T., Lin, T.S. and Chung, H.Y. (2015). Characterization of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon emissions in the particulate and gas phase from smouldering mosquito coils
containing various atomic hydrogen/carbon ratios. Science of the Total Environment. 506-
507, 391-400.