Submit your papers Submit Now
International Peer-Reviewed Journal
For Enquiries: editor@iiardjournals.org
📄 Download Paper

Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Extract Fractions of Vernonia Calvaona on Fructose and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Pascal C. Ogbonna, Iwara Arikpo Iwara, Oriaku Nzubechi Augustine

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood glucose levels with various complications including dyslipidemia. Management of dyslipidemia is an important aspect of diabetes care to prevent cardiovascular complications. Fifty-four rats divided into 9 groups was employed for this study. Diabetes was induced using 10% Fructose/40 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin. Group 1 and 2 serves as NC and DC and were administered placebo, group 3 administered metformin 500mg/kg bodyweight and group 4-9 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight extract of VC respectively. Administration lasted for 21 days and animal were sacrificed and blood collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Total cholesterol (TC) concentration did not show significant changes in any of the treatment groups. However, HDL concentration was significantly lower in the diabetic control (DC) group compared to the normal control (NC) group, while the highest dose of Vernonia calvaona extract (EVc 100) showed a significant increase in HDL concentration compared to NC group. Triglyceride (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations were higher in DC compared to NC, but were significantly reduced in the metformin (MET) and all Vernonia calvaona treatment groups compared to DC. From the results of this study, it maybe suggested that extract from Vernonia Calvaona may have beneficial effects in the management of dyslipidemia, a complication associated with diabetes mellitus.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus Vernonia calvaona Lipid profile Metformin Streptozotocin

References

Alam, U., Asghar, O., Azmi, S., & Malik, R. A. (2014). General aspects of diabetes mellitus. Handbook of clinical neurology, 126, 211-222. Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet, 383(9911), 69-82. Bahmani, M., Mirhoseini, M., Shirzad, H., Sedighi, M., Shahinfard, N., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2015). A review on promising natural agents effective on hyperlipidemia. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 20(3), 228-238. Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017). Type 2 diabetes. The lancet, 389(10085), 2239- Ebong, P. E., Atangwho, I. J., Eyong, E. U., & Egbung, G. E. (2008). The antidiabetic efficacy of combined extracts from two continental plants: Azadirachta indica (A. Juss)(Neem) and Vernonia amygdalina (Del.)(African bitter leaf). American journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4(3), 239-244. Egbung, G. E., Ubaba, M. U., Atangwho, I. J., & Egbung, J. E. (2018). Effects of Dietary Substitution with Vernonia calvoana Leaf on some Serum Lipid and Haematological Parameters in Male Wistar Rats. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 33(1&2), 32-43. Hameed, S. I., Al-Shahwany, A. W., & Salih, S. J. (2019). Investigation the potential role of some medicinal plants extracts in regulating serum lipid profile in female albino rats. Iraqi Journal of science, 2561-2571. Heshmat?Ghahdarijani, K., Mashayekhiasl, N., Amerizadeh, A., Teimouri Jervekani, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2020). Effect of fenugreek consumption on serum lipid profile: A systematic review and meta?analysis. Phytotherapy research, 34(9), 2230-2245. Igile, G. O., Iwara, I. A., Mgbeje, B. I. A., Uboh, F. E. & Ebong P. E., (2013). Phytochemical, Proximate and Nutrient Composition of Vernonia calvaona Hook (Asterecea): A Green- Leafy Vegetable in Nigeria. Journal of Food Research, Vol.2, No.6. Iwara, I. A., Igile, G. O., Uboh, F. E., Eyong, E. U and Ebong, P. E., (2015). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials of extract of Vernonia calvoana on alloxan-induced diabetic albino wistar rats. European journal of medicinal Plants, 8, (2): 7886. Iwara, I. A., Uboh, F. E., Igile, G. O., Edward, J. M. & Eteng, M. U., (2016). Bioactive components and in vitro antioxidants activity of extracts of Vernonia calvoana leaves. Journal of Tropical Medicine. Kirichenko, T. V., Sukhorukov, V. N., Markin, A. M., Nikiforov, N. G., Liu, P. Y., Sobenin, I. A., ... & Aliev, G. (2020). Medicinal plants as a potential and successful treatment option in the context of atherosclerosis. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 403. Koriem, K. M. M. (2014). Antihyperlipidemic activity of the medicinal plants among Kadazan and Dusun communities in Sabah, Malaysia: a review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(10), 768-779. Lembede, B. W. (2014). Effect of dietary Terminalia sericea aqueous leaf extracts on high- fructose diet fed growing Wistar rats. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa). Mensink, RP, Zock, PL, Kester, AD, & Katan, MB (2003). Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of total serum to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 77(5), 1146-1155. Nordestgaard, B. G. (2017). A test in context: lipid profile, fasting versus nonfasting. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(13), 1637-1646. Oladeji, O. S., Adelowo, F. E., Oluyori, A. P., & Bankole, D. T. (2020). Ethnobotanical description and biological activities of Senna alata. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020. Poirier, B., Bidouard, J. P., Cadrouvele, C., Marniquet, X., Staels, B., O'connor, S. E., ... & Herbert, J. M. (2005). The anti?obesity effect of rimonabant is associated with an improved serum lipid profile. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 7(1), 65-72. Sabry, M. O., Sedeek, M., Issa, M. Y., & Elzalabani, S. (2024). Plants Effective in the Control of Hyperlipidemia and Hypercholesterolemia: A Review. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 67(6), 33-41. Sabzghabaee, AM, Dianatkhah, M., Sarrafzadegan, N., Asgary, S., & Ghannadi, A. (2012). Clinical evaluation of Nigella sativa seeds for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Medical archives, 66(3), 198. Ujowundu, F. N., Ukoha, A. I., Ojiako, A. O., & Nwaoguikpe, R. N. (2015). Nutritional characterization of Combretum dolichopentalum Leaves. Biochem Anal Biochem, 4(232), 2161-1009.