IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES (IJCCP )

E-I SSN 2545-5265
P- ISSN 2695-1916
VOL. 11 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijccp.vol.11.no3.2025.pg10.19

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Fabrication of Doped Na?Zr?Si?PO?? @Graphene Oxide Composite Electrodes for Enhanced Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Performance

Beke, Michael Abraham; Tamadu, Jasper Obi

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Abstract

Hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technique for sustainable water desalination, by leveraging on both Faradaic and capacitive mechanisms. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and electrochemical characterization of a novel composite electrode comprising doped Na?Zr?Si?PO?? integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Doping the NASICON material with trivalent ions (Fe³? and Al³?) enhanced its ionic conductivity, while the graphene oxide network ensures an excellent charge transfer. The resulting composite exhibits synergistic effects, including high salt adsorption capacity (SAC), rapid charge-discharge kinetics, and outstanding cycling stability. The optimal SAC recorded was 125 mg/g when a 3000 mg/L saline solution was desalinated by HCDI method. The specific capacitance of the composite is 650 F/g and the galvanostatic charge/discharge after 5000 cycles retained a capacitance of 90%. The impressive electrochemical properties exhibited by the doped Na?Zr?Si?PO??@graphene oxide composites demonstrates its potential as an advanced electrode material for efficient and sustainable HCDI desalination.

keywords:

Capacitive deionization, Na?Zr?Si?PO??@graphene oxide composite, electrode,

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