IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJSSMR )

E-ISSN 2545-5303
P-ISSN 2695-2203
VOL. 11 NO. 6 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijssmr.vol.11no6.2025.pg157.173

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A Comparative Analysis of Federalism in South Africa and India

Elike, Onyinyechi Joy

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Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of federalism in South Africa and India, two diverse, post-colonial nations that have adopted federal principles to manage complex societal dynamics. Employing a four-dimensional framework examining constitutional structures, political-administrative systems, fiscal relations, and socio-cultural dynamics, the study reveals distinct approaches to federalism shaped by each country's unique historical and social contexts. South Africa's "cooperative governance" model emphasizes interdependence and collaboration, while India's system features a clearer constitutional division of powers with a strong center. Both countries demonstrate the adaptability of federal systems in managing ethnic and linguistic diversity, though they face challenges in balancing central authority with regional autonomy. The study highlights the importance of robust constitutional foundations, flexible federal design, and effective intergovernmental coordination mechanisms. It also identifies ongoing challenges, including centralist tendencies, fiscal imbalances, and the need to address regional disparities. The experiences of South Africa and India offer valuable insights for other diverse, developing nations, demonstrating federalism's potential as a tool for managing diversity and promoting democratic governance, while underscoring the need for continuous adaptation to evolving societal needs.

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