IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (IJGEM )

E-ISSN 2504-8821
P-ISSN 2695-1878
VOL. 11 NO. 5 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.vol.11.no5.2025.pg58.69

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Histology Based Whole Effluent Chronic Toxicity Testing of Noodles Processing Company Waste, using the Liver of Clarias gariepinus, as a Biomarker

Theodore A Allison, and Ebibouloukami G Waritimi

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Abstract

This study investigated the chronic toxicity of effluents from a noodle food industry, focusing on the environment water quality and its histological impact on the liver of Clarias gariepinus. The following known aquatic contaminants from food industries were selected as the effluent target chemical (TC) of concern: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Effluent concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% were tested, with a control group maintained in clean water. Histopathological analysis of the liver was conducted to assess structural alterations linked to effluent toxicity. Effluent analysis result revealed Results revealed that Cu levels (0.037 mg/L) exceeded permissible regulatiro thresholds, highlighting significant contaminantion concerns. Histological analysis revealed graded liver damage, highlighting the significant impact of the studied industrial effluents on aquatic life.

keywords:

Histology; Liver, Effluent; Toxicology, Biomarker; Fish and Water Quality.

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