IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (RJPST )

E-ISSN 2579-0536
P-ISSN 2695-2696
VOL. 8 NO. 5 2025
DOI: 10.56201/rjpst.vol.8.no5.2025.pg94.103

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Histology Based Whole Effluent Chronic Toxicity Testing of Noodles Processing Company Waste, using the Female Gonads of Clarias gariepinus as a Biomarker

Theodore Athanasius Allison and Ebibouloukami Gilbert Waritimi

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Abstract

Industrial effluents discharged into aquatic environments pose as a significant ecological and biological threats, particularly to aquatic species like Clarias gariepinus. This study investigated the chronic toxicity of effluents from the noodles food company on the histology of the female gonads of Clarias gariepinus. The following known aquatic contaminants from food industries were selected as the effluent target chemical (TC) of concern: cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Effluent samples were analyzed for TC constituents, and their effects on fish were assessed under varying concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Results revealed that Cd levels (0.037 mg/L) exceeded permissible regulatory thresholds, highlighting significant contamination concerns. Histological analysis of the female gonads showed significant histological damage, including oocyte degeneration, atretic, follicles, and disrupted ovarian architecture. This findings highlight the detrimental impact of untreated or inadequately treated effluent on aquatic ecosystems and underscores the need for stricter effluent discharge regulations

keywords:

Histology; Female Gonad, Effluent; Toxicology, Biomarker; Fish and Water Quality.

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