IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology (IJEMT )

E-ISSN 2504-8848
P-ISSN 2695-2149
VOL. 11 NO. 5 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijemt.vol.11.no5.2025.pg51.59

---

Comparative Analysis of Construction Project Outcomes: Supervised Vs. Unsupervised Execution

Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Okeke, Chijioke Steven Umeokana

---

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of construction project outcomes under supervised and unsupervised execution in Anambra State, Nigeria. Using a quantitative and qualitative research approach, data were collected from 194 fully registered construction professionals to evaluate key performance indicators such as project quality, cost efficiency, time management, and safety compliance. The findings reveal that supervised projects consistently outperform unsupervised ones, with higher adherence to engineering standards, better budget discipline, timely completion, and improved safety compliance. In contrast, unsupervised projects exhibited substandard workmanship, frequent cost overruns, delays, and increased safety violations. The study underscores the importance of supervision in ensuring successful project execution and recommends mandatory supervision policies, stronger regulatory frameworks, professional training programs, and digital monitoring technologies to enhance construction outcomes in Nigeria. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on construction project management and the need for stricter oversight in the Nigerian building industry.

keywords:

Comparative Analysis, Construction Project, Project Outcomes, Supervised Execution, Unsupervised Execution, Project Management, Quality Control, Cost Efficiency and Time Management.

---

References:

Abdullahi, H. A., Yusuf, M. A., and Mohammed, B. S. (2020). The effects of project supervision
on construction performance: A case study of public sector projects. Journal of
Construction Management, 12(3), 45-59.
Abubakar, S., and Mensah, T. (2020). Regulatory compliance and its impact on construction
project outcomes in Africa. African Journal of Construction and Urban Studies, 15(2), 88-
Adamu, M. (2021). Comparative research in construction project management: Methods and
applications. Journal of Construction Studies in Africa, 12(3), 56-74.
Adegboyega, O. (2019). Supervision and its impact on construction quality in Nigeria. Journal of
Construction Management, 14(2), 112-127.
Adekunle, R. (2022). Factors affecting project delays and cost overruns in Nigerian construction
industry. Journal of African Infrastructure Development, 9(1), 45-63.
Akinyemi, A. O., and Adewale, A. B. (2019). Challenges of unsupervised construction projects in
developing countries. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 17(4), 102-118.
Alwi, S., Hampson, K., and Mohamed, S. (2021). The impact of supervision on construction
productivity: A systematic review. Construction Economics and Building, 21(2), 78-94.
Chukwudi, I., and Bello, A. (2022). Systems theory in construction project management: Insights
from Nigerian projects. Nigerian Journal of Building Research, 8(1), 54-70.
Eze, J., and Adebayo, K. (2021). Building collapse and the implications of poor supervision in
Nigeria. West African Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(3), 112-129.
Ezeokoli, O. and Okongwu, I. 2020 – Adaptability of COVID-19 Safety Guidelines in Building
Construction Sites in Anambra State, Nigeria
Ibrahim, A. (2021). Challenges of unsupervised construction execution in Nigeria: An empirical
investigation. Journal of Civil Engineering in Nigeria, 17(3), 203-219.
Musa, O. (2020). Workmanship and material quality in unsupervised construction projects: An
assessment of risks and challenges. Journal of Building Technology and Management,
11(4), 56-72.
Nwachukwu, C., and Okorie, B. (2019). Cost management in construction: The role of supervision
and accountability. Nigerian Journal of Project Economics, 7(2), 75-91.
Ojo, S. (2021). The significance of supervision in achieving construction project success in
Nigeria. Construction Economics Review, 19(1), 35-50.
Okafor, L. (2020). Risk management and the role of supervision in Nigerian construction projects.
Nigerian Journal of Infrastructure Studies, 12(4), 89-105.
Oke, A. E., Ogunsemi, D. R., and Amusan, L. M. (2020). Project supervision and its impact on the
quality of construction projects. Journal of Built Environment Research, 15(1), 33-49.
Okonkwo, P., and Eze, J. (2020). Challenges of construction project execution in Anambra State,
Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Infrastructure and Development, 8(2), 103-118.
Oladipo, T. (2021). Occupational health and safety compliance in African construction sites: The
case for effective supervision. International Journal of Safety and Risk Management, 16(1),
23-39.
Oyedele, O. A., and Thwala, W. D. (2022). The role of supervision in mitigating construction risks:
A comparative approach. International Journal of Project Management, 30(1), 27-42.
Uchenna, C. (2021). Reliability testing in construction research: An application of Cronbach’s
alpha coefficient. African Journal of Construction and Engineering Research, 14(1), 67-82.

DOWNLOAD PDF

---

Back