IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (IJGEM )

E-ISSN 2504-8821
P-ISSN 2695-1878
VOL. 11 NO. 5 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijgem.vol.11.no5.2025.pg1.21

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Impact of Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent on Wupa River as a Source for Consumption in Zhidu Settlement

ABUBAKAR Shaibu Eneye, ABDULLAHI Ibrahim, SAMINU Ahmed, SANI John, Engbonye, YAQUB Abbas Enesi, ALHASSAN Kabir, Gotip Hope Bege

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Abstract

The qualities of the treated effluent of the Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant located in a rural community of the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja-Nigeria) were assessed over two seasons (wet and dry). This study evaluated the Wupa Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with acceptable local (National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency –NESREA) and international (World Health Organization-WHO) standards and the effect on the receiving surface water (Wupa River) sources around Zhidu Settlement in Abuja. Surface water exhibited high seasonal variations and high levels of the assayed parameters were observed during the wet season and low at dry season. The results of the effluent during wet season had pH-7.43, electrical conductivity-445.4µS/cm, total dissolved solid (TDS)-172mg/L, total suspended solids (TSS)- 7mg/L, turbidity-4.67NTU, sulphate-5.34mg/l, nitrate-0.8mg/l, fluoride0.55mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD)-2.9mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD)0.4mg/l, dissolved oxygen (DO)-8.39mg/l, copper (Cu)-0,011mg/l, and zinc (Zn)1.6mg/l while total phosphorous (TP), Iron (Fe)and Lead (Pb) had no presence in the effluent with TC and FC being too numerous to count (TNTC). similar analyses were conducted for dry season of the assayed parameters, showcasing slight differences with pH-7.2, electrical conductivity-333µS/cm, total dissolved solid (TDS)-166mg/l, total suspended solids (TSS)-5mg/L, turbidity-4.97NTU, sulphate5.4mg/l, nitrate-0.8mg/l, fluoride0.51mg/l, biological oxygen demand (BOD)-2.55mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD)0.2mg/l, dissolved oxygen (DO)8.35mg/l, copper (Cu) 0,014mg/l, and zinc (Zn)-1.8mg/l. Again, total phosphorous (TP), Iron (Fe)and Lead (Pb) had no presence in the effluent with TC and FC being too numerous to count (TNTC). The study revealed that there was no adverse impact of the effluent water on the receiving water body (River Wupa) in terms of physiochemical parameters and heavy metals, the treated effl

keywords:

Wastewater, BOD, COD, Heavy metal, WWTP, Water, Effluent, Zhidu, Wupa.

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