IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (IJHPR )

E-ISSN 2545-5737
P-ISSN 2695-2165
VOL. 10 NO. 4 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijhpr.vol.10.no4.2025.pg151.167

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A Conceptual Framework for Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy: Integrating Behavioral Science, Public Health Policy, and Community Engagement to Enhance Immunization Uptake

Kolade Seun Adeyemo, Akachukwu Obianuju Mbata, Obe Destiny Balogun

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Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy, defined as the delay or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccination services, presents a significant challenge to public health globally. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to address vaccine hesitancy by integrating behavioral science, public health policy, and community engagement. Drawing on insights from these disciplines, the framework aims to provide a comprehensive approach that addresses the cognitive, cultural, and systemic barriers to vaccination uptake. Behavioral science contributes by understanding the psychological biases and emotional factors influencing individuals' vaccination decisions. Public health policy provides the structural interventions necessary to create environments conducive to vaccine acceptance, including mandates, educational campaigns, and improved access. Community engagement emphasizes the importance of local leaders and culturally relevant communication strategies in building trust and promoting vaccine uptake at the grassroots level. This integrated framework offers a holistic approach to overcoming vaccine hesitancy, guiding future interventions and strategies for enhancing immunization uptake. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, healthcare providers, and community leaders to effectively implement the framework and improve vaccination rates, ultimately fostering better public health outcomes.

keywords:

Vaccine Hesitancy, Behavioral Science, Public Health Policy, Community

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