IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICAL THEORY (IJASMT )

E- ISSN 2489-009X
P- ISSN 2695-1908
VOL. 11 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijasmt.vol.11.no3.2025.pg45.58

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Millimeter-Wave Communications for 5G and beyond in Nigeria: A Thematic Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities

Okafor, Joyce Odu, Geku Diton

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Abstract

The deployment of millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology in Nigeria represents a critical frontier in the nation's quest for advanced wireless connectivity. As 5G networks expand and research into 6G accelerates, mmWave frequencies (30–300 GHz) offer transformative potential for ultra-high-speed internet, low-latency applications, and enhanced network capacity. However, Nigeria's tropical climate, infrastructural constraints, and regulatory landscape present unique challenges that must be addressed to fully realize this potential. This thematic paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of mmWave adoption in Nigeria, examining propagation characteristics, technological innovations, and policy frameworks. Unlike empirical studies that rely on specific datasets, this work synthesizes existing research, theoretical models, and industry insights to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of mmWave communications in Nigeria. Key themes include atmospheric attenuation, network optimization strategies, and socio-economic implications. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for stakeholders, emphasizing the need for climate-resilient infrastructure, collaborative governance, and localized research to bridge existing knowledge gaps.

keywords:

Millimeter-wave, 5G networks, tropical propagation, Nigeria, adaptive

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