IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

WORLD JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY (WJIMT )

E-ISSN 2504-4766
P-ISSN 2682-5910
VOL. 9 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/wjimt.v9.no3.2025.pg61.71

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Seasonal Measurement of Kainji Dam Water Level Using Ultrasound Wireless Sensor and Microcontroller Based Monitoring System

Oluborode, G B, Okunla I O, Ibrahim, Y, Aliyu, R

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Abstract

Kainji dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger state of northern Nigeria. It was one of the longest dams in the world. Kainji dam water storage, which depends on water level, is an easily available source of water for many sectors of economy such as agriculture, domestic and hydropower. Poor electricity generation in Nigeria is a very serious problem. Accurate monitoring of water levels in dams is very important in power planning. Effective power planning helps in ensuring steady supply of electric power to consumers’ water levels determine the power outputs in dams. The variations in water level lead to variations in water flow across the water turbines which generate electricity and consequent variation in electric power outputs from the generators. Hence, frequent monitoring of water levels in dams is very important in generation planning. This paper presents the development process of Wireless sensor system for water level monitoring. It consists of HC-RO4 ultrasonic sensor, a data display device, AT89C52 microcontroller and GSM module for data transmission to the remote monitoring center to be access in any place of the country. The highest water level was recorded in wet season with the range of 120.40 to 133.50m compared with 71.20 to 69.20m recorded in dry seasons.

keywords:

Microcontroller, water level, ultrasonic sensor, wireless sensor monitoring, dam

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