IIARD International Institute of Academic Research and Development

International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology (IJEMT )

E-ISSN 2504-8848
P-ISSN 2695-2149
VOL. 11 NO. 3 2025
DOI: 10.56201/ijemt.vol.11.no3.

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Impact of Radio Wave Refractivity on Mobile Network Portability Threshold in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Okafor, Joyce Odu

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Abstract

This study investigates the influence of radio wave refractivity on mobile network portability thresholds in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, focusing on the effects of radio refractivity (W-unit), atmospheric temperature (K), relative humidity (%), and atmospheric pressure (hPa) on mobile network signal strength. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining field measurements and statistical analysis to assess the Quality of Service (QoS) of GSM network providers in Biogbolo and Etegwe, Yenagoa. Data collection involved a Drive Test (DT) method using a vehicle-mounted Radio Frequency (RF) measurement system to capture real- time signal strength variations. Statistical analysis was conducted using MINITAB and Python software, generating time-series graphs and interval charts to track network performance trends. The results indicate a strong correlation between meteorological factors and signal strength across four major network providers—9Mobile, Airtel, MTN, and Glo. In Biogbolo, signal strength improved steadily with increasing refractivity, temperature, humidity, and pressure, demonstrating a predictable positive correlation. Conversely, in Etegwe, refractivity effects were non-linear, with 9Mobile exhibiting signal degradation at extreme refractivity values, likely due to multipath interference and atmospheric attenuation. Temperature fluctuations also influenced signal propagation, with minor instability observed in extreme heat conditions. High humidity levels enhanced signal strength in Biogbolo but led to signal deterioration in Etegwe, particularly in 9Mobile, confirming humidity-induced signal absorption effects. Atmospheric pressure consistently improved signal reception across all networks, reinforcing its stabilizing effect on wave propagation. The study concludes that region-specific network adjustments are essential for optimizing mobile communication reliability in Bayelsa State, particularly in coastal regions pro

keywords:

Radio wave refractivity, Mobile network portability, Signal strength, Atmospheric

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