Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of variety and organic nutrients on the growth and yield of pepper grown in Makurdi, Nigeria. The experiment is laid in a complete randomized design with three replications. The treatments used are variety (Red and Green pepper) and organic nutrient source (cow dung, poultry dropping, goat manure and control) the experiment was carried out during the 2023 rainy season. During the investigation, some physiological variables, such as growth, Plant height (cm), Numbers of leaves, Numbers of branches, Other characteristics like Days to first flowering, Number of flowers, Days to first, Number of fruits, Fruit length (cm), Fruits weight/plant (g), Fruits diameter (mm) and overall yield were also recorded. The results of the investigation revealed that pepper generally responded to both variety and organic nutrient. All the parameter studies have significantly (P ? 0.05) responded to the variety with Bell pepper recorded higher in growth parameters and such, as plant height (19.53), the number of leaves (37.73), number of flowers(16.02), number of branches (8.83), with yellow Wanda variety recorded higher days to maturity (48.52), bell pepper also recorded higher number of fruits per plant (12.63), fruit diameter (6.00), fruit length (7.62), fruit weight(72.62g) and over all yield (4.31). On organic nutrient source poultry dropping recorded higher in both growth, yield and yield related characters such as plant height (20.19), number of leaves (40.82), number of branches (8.68), number of flower (17.13), except where control recorded longer maturity days (48.22), while Bell pepper recorded higher in number of fruits per plant (13.12), fruit diameter (6.00), fruit length (6.84), fruit weight (92.41) and over all yield (4.02) . Based on the results obtained it can be suggested that pepper farmers use bell variety of pepper and poultry dropping which is better in both growth and yield ch
References
Abu–Zahra T. R. Akinfasoye, J. A Alzamora S. M., Tapia M. S., Aurelio L. (2020). Vegetative, flowering and yield of sweet pepper as influenced by agricultural practices. Middle East Journal of Science Research, 11(9):1220–1225. Ayo-john, J.A. and Oderara, T.I. (2017). Influence of intra-row spacing and chemical weed control on the growth and yield of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) in the Nigerian Northern Guinea Savannah. Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science 5: 67- 73 Akinfasoye, J. A. (2019). Growth, yield and nutritional quality of long cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) as influenced by organic fertilisers in Ibadan and Ogbomoso, Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation). Amadi G. V., Juan J. F., Alzamora S. M., Tapia M. S., Aurelio L. and Welti J. (2003). Handling and preservation of fruits and vegetables by combined methods for rural areas: A technical manual. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin, 149:99 Yusuf, B. and Paul, (2018) M. Farmers’ Perceptions on Climate Variability and Crop Productivity in Billiri Local Government Area of Gombe State FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) ISSN: 2616-1370 Vol. 2 No. 3, September, 2018, pp 1 - 8 Bosland, J. J. and Votava, S. N. (2002). Influence of integrated use of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and farmyard manure on the yield-attributing traits and marketable yield of carrot. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2), 44-48. Biondo F. L., and Berry D (2000). Organic carrot cultivation. Organic farming, Technical and Economic Sheet, support tool for installation and conversion projects of Agriculture de Rhône Regional technical referent for organic vegetables, 12 p Eche, C.O., Oluwatayo J.I., Esang, D.M., Madina, P. Uloko, A. (2020) Antilelminthic Effect of sawdust mixed with Eucalyptus Biohar on Plant Parasite Namatodes associated with Beniseed (Sesamun Indicum L.) in Makurdi. Nigria Journal of Namatology, vol. 5, 2020. ISSN: 2545-5362. www. nijon.org. pp 9-18 Esang, D. M., Madina, P., and Ahmed, J. (2022) Efficacy of Plants Extract in the Control of Cowpea Weevils (Collosobranchus maculatus) in Storage at Gombe and Makurdi, Nigeria Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 10(2), Pp. 52-58, February2022 ISSN 2354-4147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26765/DRJAFS08321745893. Danlingi H. G, Odiaka N. I., Ugese F. D., Madina P (2022). Effects Of Scarification On Emergence And Growth Of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) In Makurdi, Southern Guinea SavannahFUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) ISSN online: 2616-1370 ISSN print: 2645 – 2944 Vol. 6 No. 1, March, 2022, pp 240 – 246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0601-894 FAO (2021). Fertilizer and the future. IFA/FAO Agriculture Conference on Global food security and the role of Sustainability Fertilization. Rome, pp 1-5. Grubben J and Tahir, B. K. (2018). Global organic food market.Acta Agriculture Serbica, 23(46): 125-140 Iyough, D. D.,Madina, P., and Siki M. D. (2924) The Effect of Concentration Rate and Variety on the Mortality of Weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) in stored Cowpea at Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria Research Journal of Pure Science and Technology E-ISSN 2579- 0536 P-ISSN 2695-2696 Vol 7. No. 1 2024 www.iiardjournals.org Madina, P. Nazifi M.I., Yusuf R. Haruna P. And Warkani H. B.(2022). The Production of Rosselle (Hisbiscus sadbariffa L.) as Influenced by Variety and Organic fertilizer Grown in Gombe and Benue state, NigeriaResearch Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management Vol. 11(1), pp. 001-006, January, 2022 Available online at http://www.apexjournal.org ISSN 2315-8719© 2022 Apex Journal International Madina, P., and Akinyemi, B. K. (2023) Effectiveness of solutions on soilless production of lettuce grown in Plateau and Makurdi, Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences and Management November 2023, Vol-1, No-11, pp. 18-24 Madina, P, Esang, D. M. and Yunusa, A.(2024). Effect of Variety and organic Manure on the Growth and Yield of Pepper Grown in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science (IJAES) E-ISSN 2489-0081 P-ISSN 2695-1894 Vol 9. No. 7 2023 www.iiardjournals.org Madina P, Atsu DJ and Chikowa N.(2024). The Production of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) as Affected by Variety and Nutrient Source Grown in Jos, Nigeria. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 55(5)-2024. BJSTR. MS.ID.008754 Mathowa W. G., Sharma KD, Karki S, Thakur NS and Attri S (2016). Chemical composition, functional properties and processing of carrot – AReview. J. Food Sci. Technol., 49(1): 22-32. Mustapha, H. B., Madina P.,and Nazifi I. M (2015). Effects of Spacing, Organic Source and Varieties on the Growth and Yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) Grown in Gombe State, Nigeria. Jewel Journal of Scientific Research (JJSR) 5(1&2): 42–56, 2020 Nazifi, M.I., Madina, P., and Imrana, B. Z.(2024). Production of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarjffa L.) as Influenced by density and fertilizer rate in Kano State, NigeriaInternational Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science (IJAES) E-ISSN 2489-0081 P-ISSN 2695-1894 Vol 10. No. 3 2024 www.iiardjournals.org Rokonuzzaman, M. (2017). Effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 14(1), 1-9. Oagile, K.; Kitazawa, H.; Suzuki, K.; Widiastuti, A.; Odani, H.; Zhou, S.; Chinta, Y.D.; Eguchi, Y.; Shinohara, M.; Sato, T. (2016) Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures. Agronomy 2021, 11, 491. Opata B. NO., Nuru A. G. and Declaro-Ruedas MYA (2020). Technology transfer modalities utilized by agricultural extension workers in organic agriculture in Philippines. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 23(3): 75. Ravindra, K. O., Walsh B. M. and Hoot S. B. (2020) Phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) using DNA sequences from two noncoding regions: the chloroplast spacer region and nuclear waxy introns. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162:1409–1418. Ogunbo S. D., Zamil S. S., Quadir, F. Q., Chowdhury, M. A. H. and Al-Wahid A. (2015). Effect of different manures on yield quality and nutrient uptake by mustard cv. Agrani BRAC Univ. J., 1,2. Rodriguez-Amaya DB, Kimura M, Godoy HT and Amaya-Farfan J (2008). Updated Brazilian database on food carotenoids: Factors affecting carotenoid composition. J. of Food Composition 41 (2): 379-388 Saravaiya, G. L. (2000). Improving the Mineral Nutrition in Grafted Watermelon Plants: Nitrogen Metabolism. Biologia Plantarum, 43 (4): 607-609. Satyanarayana, R. J., Krinsky NI and Johnson EJ (2002). Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Mol. Aspects Med., 26: 459- 516. Santos BM, Roy I, Onwerenmadu EU, Oti NN (1994). Effect of poultry manure on green (Amaranthus cruentus) and water leaf (Talinum triangulare) on degraded ultisol of Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 5(1): 53-56 Shafeek H. L., Santos BM, Dusky JA, Stall WM, Bewick TA and Shilling DG (2012). Mechanisms of interference of smooth pigweed and common purslane on lettuce as influenced by phosphorous fertility. Weed Sci., 52(1): 78-82. Smith, E. H., Rubatzky VE, Quiros CF, Simon PW (2022). Carrots and related vegetable Umbelliferae. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. Thangarajan, R., Bolan, N. S., Tian, G., Naidu, R., and Kunhikrishnan, A. (2013). Role of organic amendment application on greenhouse gas emission from soil. Science of the Total Environment, 465: 72-96. Vishal S, Hedayetullah M. D., Parveen Z. and Jagamohan M. (2014). Post-harvest technology of fruits and vegetables: An overview. Journal of Post-harvest Technology, 2(2):124-135
