Geochemical Characterization of Migmatites from Liman Katagum Area, Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria: Implications for Petrogenesis and Tectonic Evolution
Abstract
Despite being widespread in the basement complex of eastern Nigeria, migmatites remain the least studied rocks in the region, leading to a limited understanding of their geochemical affinity and tectonic evolution. This study focuses on migmatites from the Liman Katagum area in Bauchi State, northeastern Nigeria, aiming to determine their petrogenesis (magma source and evolutionary process) and tectonic evolution. These migmatites are classified into six diatexite groups: metatexite, melanocratic, mesocratic, anatectic, leucocratic, and restite. As typical of migmatites, they exhibit a wide range of SiO2 (56.31–75.54 wt.%) and Fe2O3T (2.04 to 21.3 wt.%), moderate to high Al2O3 (12.12–14.8 wt.%), and low MnO (0.03–0.38 wt.%), CaO (0.10–0.45 wt.%), and P2O5 (0.01–0.06 wt.%), as well as low to moderate TiO2 (0.45–1.86 wt.%), MgO (0.01–2.05 wt.%), Na2O (0.32–2.67 wt.%), and K2O (1.3–2.95 wt.%). These characteristics indicate that they are strongly peraluminous (A/CNK > 1.1) supracrustal (S-type) rocks, with a wide geochemical composition ranging from gabbroic diorite to diorite, granodiorite, and granite, showing medium- to high-K calc-alkaline characteristics. Furthermore, they range from calcic to calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic and alkali compositions, suggesting magma derivation from a metasedimentary protolith in the lower crust at high temperatures (850–1414°C). The migmatites exhibit broad ranges of Rb (5.5–86 ppm), Sr (270–6230 ppm), and Ba (100–8400 ppm), displaying fractionation trends involving plagioclase, K-feldspars, and biotite, consistent with the whole rock compositions. These migmatites were emplaced in syn- to post-collision or post-orogenic plate tectonic settings during the Late Proterozoic Pan-African thermo-tectonic granitization and metamorphic events in Eastern Nigeria, forming the present-day widely compositional migmatites of Liman Katagum.
Keywords
migmatites; Liman Katagum; geochemistry; petrogenesis; tectonic implication
References
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